{"id":3307,"date":"2026-11-09T02:22:20","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T02:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuyetky.com\/79\/?p=3307"},"modified":"2026-11-09T02:22:20","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T02:22:20","slug":"wangari-maathai-nguoi-phu-nu-kenya-cung-hang-nghin-nguoi-me-nong-thon-trong-lai-nhung-canh-rung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuyetky.com\/79\/2026\/11\/09\/wangari-maathai-nguoi-phu-nu-kenya-cung-hang-nghin-nguoi-me-nong-thon-trong-lai-nhung-canh-rung\/","title":{"rendered":"Wangari Maathai \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Kenya c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay vun l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Kenya, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n, qua b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Wangari Maathai. N\u0103m 2004, b\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i Nobel Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 b\u00e9 l\u1edbn l\u00ean gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean xanh m\u01b0\u1edbt \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung Kenya, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i trong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n coi l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nh\u1eefng
\u1ea2nh: jamies.x. co tr\u00ean Pexels<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Khi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wangari Maathai sinh n\u0103m 1940 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Nyeri. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i hi\u1ebfm hoi trong th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n: nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng sang M\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1971 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nairobi \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Trung Phi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u00e0 day d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Khi tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, b\u00e0 nghe \u0111i nghe l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb: c\u1ee7i \u0111un ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc, su\u1ed1i c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o \u0111i. R\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u1edf l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eeba s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phong tr\u00e0o V\u00e0nh \u0111ai Xanh \u2013 t\u1eebng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1977, Wangari Maathai kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng Phong tr\u00e0o V\u00e0nh \u0111ai Xanh (Green Belt Movement). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao si\u00eau: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y con, \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng quanh nh\u00e0, quanh ru\u1ed9ng, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp do ch\u00ednh tay m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb v\u00e0i h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y ban \u0111\u1ea7u, phong tr\u00e0o lan d\u1ea7n ra kh\u1eafp Kenya r\u1ed3i sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00e1c. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u c\u00e2y xanh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 con s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2y: ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1ch l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, c\u00e1ch tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0110\u00f4i
\u1ea2nh: Tamara Elnova tr\u00ean Pexels<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n can \u0111\u1ea3m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nghe th\u00ec hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00eam \u1ea3. Khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1989, b\u00e0 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 cao \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 ngay trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Uhuru gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Nairobi. B\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u, b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, b\u00e0 t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 2002, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Kenya v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hai n\u0103m sau, U\u1ef7 ban Nobel trao cho b\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh: khi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edbt ph\u1ea3i tranh gi\u00e0nh nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wangari Maathai qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2011, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 71. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y m\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Kenya tr\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn l\u00ean sau khi b\u00e0 \u0111i xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"M\u1ed9t
\u1ea2nh: Zebari Visuals tr\u00ean Pexels<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa chim ru\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wangari Maathai th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n: khi khu r\u1eebng b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, mu\u00f4n th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn trong b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa chim ru\u1ed3i b\u00e9 x\u00edu bay \u0111i bay l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u1eadm theo m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c con v\u1eadt l\u1edbn h\u1ecfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. Ch\u00fa chim \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i, b\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00fa chim ru\u1ed3i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ai m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i r\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m tr\u1ed3ng th\u00eam c\u00e2y n\u1eefa \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u0169y tre l\u00e0ng, g\u1ed1c \u0111a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u201c\u0103n qu\u1ea3 nh\u1edb k\u1ebb tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y\u201d, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Wangari Maathai c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1. N\u00f3 nh\u1eafc ta r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u2013 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00f5, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng k\u00eanh s\u1ea1ch, t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa chim ru\u1ed3i. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn lao m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

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